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Computer Organization & Architecture

Foundations of Computing7

Instruction Set Architecture5

The fetch-decode-execute cycle - how a CPU actually runs a program
What does an instruction actually look like in memory?
The three jobs every instruction set needs to do
Addressing modes: how an instruction says where its data actually is
Registers, the register file, and what an ISA actually promises

Datapath & Control Unit4

Instruction Pipelining4

Memory Hierarchy7

I/O Interfaces & Interrupts5

Boot to Execution: The Full System Trace5

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Computer Organization & Architecture

Foundations of Computing7

Instruction Set Architecture5

The fetch-decode-execute cycle - how a CPU actually runs a program
What does an instruction actually look like in memory?
The three jobs every instruction set needs to do
Addressing modes: how an instruction says where its data actually is
Registers, the register file, and what an ISA actually promises

Datapath & Control Unit4

Instruction Pipelining4

Memory Hierarchy7

I/O Interfaces & Interrupts5

Boot to Execution: The Full System Trace5

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What does an instruction actually look like in memory?

An instruction is just a number. Here's how opcodes and operands pack into that number, and why RISC and CISC machines split the difference between simplicity and flexibility.

11 min readUpdated 2026-09-03computer-architectureinstruction-formatrisc-cisc