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Data Structures & AlgorithmsComplexity analysis up to graphs and DP.Operating SystemsProcesses, scheduling, memory and concurrency.Database Management SystemsRelational modelling, transactions and indexing.Computer NetworksFrom wires and radio waves up to the web.

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Database Management Systems

Foundations of DBMS6

Relational Model, Algebra & Calculus6

Integrity Constraints & Normal Forms6

File Organization & Indexing7

Transactions & Concurrency Control9

Transactions and the ACID properties
Schedules and serializability
Conflict serializability and view serializability
Lock-based concurrency control
SQL isolation levels and multiple granularity locking
Timestamp ordering and optimistic concurrency control
Multiversion Concurrency Control (MVCC)
Deadlock handling in databases
Crash recovery and write-ahead logging

Query Processing, Optimization & Distributed DBs5

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Database Management Systems

Foundations of DBMS6

Relational Model, Algebra & Calculus6

Integrity Constraints & Normal Forms6

File Organization & Indexing7

Transactions & Concurrency Control9

Transactions and the ACID properties
Schedules and serializability
Conflict serializability and view serializability
Lock-based concurrency control
SQL isolation levels and multiple granularity locking
Timestamp ordering and optimistic concurrency control
Multiversion Concurrency Control (MVCC)
Deadlock handling in databases
Crash recovery and write-ahead logging

Query Processing, Optimization & Distributed DBs5

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Timestamp ordering and optimistic concurrency control

How transactions can be serialized by assigned timestamps instead of locks, and how optimistic concurrency control bets on conflicts being rare and validates only at the end.

9 min readUpdated 2026-09-04dbmstimestamp-orderingoptimistic-concurrency-control